海藻多糖可溶性粉对自然感染PCV2仔猪免疫功能的调节作用
谢小东,肖 蕊,张 娅,宋漫玲,韦秀颖,吴苑滢,安慧青,施 君,
韦英益*,胡庭俊*
(广西大学动物科学技术学院,广西南宁 530005)
摘 要:为探索海藻多糖可溶性粉对自然感染PCV2仔猪免疫功能的调节作用及其临床给药剂量。随机选取100头35-50日龄自然感染PCV2的仔猪病例,设海藻多糖可溶性粉高(400mg/kg)、中(200mg/kg)、低(100mg/kg)剂量组及黄芪多糖对照组,各组连续用药7d;另设阳性对照组和无PCV2感染阴性对照组,每组20头。分别于用药前,用药后第7d、14d,每组随机选取10头进行前腔静脉采血,分离血清,检测血清中IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-γ及IgG水平。结果显示,用药前,各用药组及阳性对照组血清中IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ和IgG显著低于阴性对照组(P <0.05);在用药后第7d,高剂量组血清中IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-γ和IgG极显著高于阳性对照组(P <0.01),中剂量组血清中IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α极显著高于阳性对照组(P <0.01);用药后第14d,高剂量组血清中IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α极显著高于阳性对照组(P <0.01),IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ极显著高于阴性对照组(P <0.05),中剂量组血清中IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α极显著高于阳性对照组(P <0.01)。结果表明,给予不同浓度的海藻多糖可溶性粉7d后,可提高自然感染PCV2的仔猪免疫能力,且用于提高仔猪免疫功能的临床推荐给药剂量为200 mg/kg饲料,连用7 d。
关键词:海藻多糖可溶性粉;猪;猪圆环病毒2型;免疫增强
Study on Immunomodulatory Effect of Seaweed Polysaccharide Soluble Powder in Piglets naturally infected with PCV2
XIE Xiaodong,XIAO Rui,ZHANG Ya,SONG Man ling,WEI Xiuying,WU Yuanying,AN Huiqing,SHI Jun,WEI Yingyi*,HU Tingjun*
(College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning , Guangxi, 530005, China)
Abstract: To investigate the regulation of Seaweed polysaccharide soluble powder(SP) on the immune function of naturally infected PCV2 piglets and its clinical dose. 100 piglets with 35-50 days old naturally infected PCV2 were randomly selected and divided in five groups with 20 animals each group,including SP treatment groups (400 mg/kg,200 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg),Astragalus polysaccharide treatment group , positive control group and negative control group .The animals were administrated with the drugs for 7 continuous days, The 10 animals were in each group were randomly selected for anterior vena cava blood collection before the administration and on Day 7 and Day 14 post the treatment, and the serum was used to measure the levels of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IgG. The results indicaed that the values of IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ and IgG in the serum of four drug group and positive control group were significantly lower than those in the negative control group before administration (P <0.05).On the 7th daypost treatment, the serum levels of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IgG in the high-dose group were significantly higher than those in the positive control group (P <0.01). IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher than the positive control group (P <0.01).On the 14th day post treatment, the levels of IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α in the high dose group were significantly higher than the positive control group (P <0.01), the values of IL-2, IL-6and IFN-γ were significantly higher than the negative control group (P <0.05), the levels of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α in the middle dose group was significantly higher than the positive control group (P <0.01).The results showed that the administration ofthree concentrations of Seaweed polysaccharide soluble powder for 7 days improved the immune function of piglets infected with PCV2, and the recommended dose for the clinical use was 200 mg/kg for 7 continuous days.
Key words: Seaweed Polysaccharide Soluble Powder; Pig; Porcine Circovirus Type 2; Immunomodulation
猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)感染后会引起断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome,PMWS)、渐进性消瘦、黄疸、生长发育不良等诸多疾病,同时可能导致感染仔猪产生严重的免疫抑制,致使猪对常规疫苗的免疫应答性降低,从而继发其它疫病,对养猪业造成严重的经济损失[1-3]。目前没有特效药物可以治疗该病。研究发现,部分中药提取物可以有效缓解猪免疫抑制,甚至让猪免疫功能恢复正常[4],如黄芪多糖(Astragalus Polysaccharide Powder APP)可使PCV2免疫抑制仔猪恢复正常[5]。海洋中海藻种类丰富,产量巨大;海藻多糖可溶性粉(Seaweed Polysaccharide Soluble Powder SPSP)是从海藻中提取的天然多糖,有研究表明海藻多糖有增强动物机体免疫能力和抵抗疾病的作用[6-8]。本试验旨在探讨海藻多糖可溶性粉对自然感染PCV2免疫抑制仔猪的免疫功能调节作用,为今后养猪生产应用该制剂以及减少使用黄芪多糖等人用中药多糖提供理论依据。
1 材料和方法
1.1 试验材料
1.1.1 药品 海藻多糖可溶性粉,由洛阳瑞华动物保健品有限公司中试生产,批号20160303;黄芪多糖粉,购于北京生泰尔科技股份有限公司,批号1612101。
1.1.2 试验猪 杜洛克×荣昌二元杂仔猪,35日龄至50日龄,100头自然感染PCV2仔猪,为广西都安县某中小型养猪场;20头PCV2阴性仔猪,为广西横县石塘某猪场。
1.1.3 免疫因子检测 猪白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、猪白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、猪肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、猪干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、猪免疫球蛋白G(IgG)试剂盒,购自江苏晶美生物科技有限公司。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 病原鉴定 采集仔猪血液,抽提DNA,经酶链式反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR)方法检测PCV2病毒;引物:P1(5`-CCGCGGGCTGGCTGAACTT-3`),P2(5`-ACCCCCGCCACCGCTACC-3`) ;片段大小1154 bp;体系25 μL:ddH2O 8.5 μL,2×Mix酶12.5 μL,P1、P2各1 μL,DNA 2 μL;1 %琼脂糖凝胶电泳,观察扩增的片段。
1.2.2 试验动物分组及给药 采用系统随机法将100头PCV2自然感染病例分为5组,每组20头,设海藻多糖可溶性粉高剂量组、中剂量组(临床推荐剂量)、低剂量组、黄芪多糖对照组和阳性对照组(感染不给药);另选20头PCV2阴性仔猪为阴性对照组(无感染不给药)。动物分组及给药方法见表1。
表1 试验动物的分组及处理
Table 1 Grouping and Treatment of Experimental Animals
分组Groups |
动物数(头)Numbers |
处理方法handling Method |
|
||
高剂量组 Group of high dose |
20 |
添加海藻多糖可溶性粉400 mg/kg饲料,连用7d 400mg/kg of SPSP in fodder for 7 days |
|||
中剂量组 Group of medium dose |
20 |
添加海藻多糖可溶性粉200 mg/kg饲料,连用7d 200mg/kg of SPSP in fodder for 7 days |
|||
低剂量组 Group of low dose |
20 |
添加海藻多糖可溶性粉100 mg/kg饲料,连用7 d 100mg/kg of SPSP in fodder for 7 days |
|||
黄芪多糖组 group of APP |
20 |
添加黄芪多糖粉200 mg/kg饲料,连用7天 200 mg/kg of APP in fodder for 7 days |
|||
阳性对照组 Group of positive control |
20 |
不处理 Normal control |
|||
阴性对照组 Group of negative control |
20 |
不处理 Normal control |
1.2.3 血样采集 试验前1 d(第0 d),第7 d、第14 d,每组随机选取10头试验猪前腔静脉采血5mL,分离血清,-20 ℃保存备用。
1.2.4 免疫指标的测定 猪IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-γ和IgG等按照试剂盒提供方法进行检测。
1.2.5 用药观察与日常管理 试验在同一栋猪舍进行,猪舍为半敞开式,自由采食、饮水,饲料为猪场自行配制的不含任何药物的全价料。试验期间仔细观察猪只健康状况及用药前后的临床表现,如呼吸、体表状况等。
1.2.6 数据处理 试验数据用SPSS 22.0软件进行单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA),并采用LSD法在P <0.01和P <0.05水平进行显著分析,结果以平均值±标准差(Means±SD)表示。
2 结 果
2.1 病原鉴定结果
采自阳性组试验猪血样经PCR检测显示PCV2核酸呈阳性,在1154 bp处有特异性扩增条带;阴性对照组无;如图1。
注: 1-10,PCV2 感染仔猪 ;阴,阴性对照组仔猪;M,DNA Marker 2000
Note: 1-10, PCV2 infected piglets; Yin, negative control piglets; M, DNA Marker 2000
图1 PCR电泳结果
Fig. 1 A result of PCR electrophoresis
2.2 猪血清IL-2含量测定结果
由表2结果可知,第0 d,各感染组仔猪血清中IL-2水平极显著低于阴性对照组(P <0.01);第7 d,高剂量组、中剂量组和黄芪多糖组极显著高于阳性对照组(P <0.01),高剂量组显著高于阴性对照组(P <0.05);第14 d,高剂量组、中剂量组和黄芪多糖组仔猪血清中IL-2水平均分别极显著高于阳性对照组和阴性对照组(P <0.01)。表明,饲料中连续7d添加不同含量海藻多糖可溶性粉后,能不同程度促进猪血清中IL-2的产生,其中高剂量组、中剂量组和黄芪多糖组效果最明显,高剂量组效果最好。
表2 试验猪血清IL-2的测定结果(Mean±SD ,n=10,单位:pg/ml)
Table 2 The result of IL-2 in serum of piglet(Mean±SD,n=10,Unit:pg/ml)
分组 Groups |
第0 d The zero day |
第7 d The 7th day |
第14 d The 14th day |
高剂量组 Group of high dose |
119.17±22.67A |
159.05±30.23aB |
329.08±135.51AB |
中剂量组 Group of Medium dose |
115.82±16.19 A |
145.11±35.92B |
206.45±35.81AB |
低剂量组 Group of Low dose |
107.04±9.73 A |
128.60±21.44 |
164.78±43.51 |
黄芪多糖组 Group of APP |
117.29±15.82 A |
175.10±81.32AB |
282.55±77.97AB |
阳性对照组 Group of positive control |
112.83±15.41 A |
100.79±20.89 |
106.90±27.25 |
阴性对照组 Group of negative control |
142.78±24.84 B |
121.30±18.73 |
128.03±14.06 |
注:与阴性对照组比较, 肩标“a”表示差异显著(P <0.05),“A”表示差异极显著(P <0.01);与阳性对照组比较, 肩标b表示差异显著(P <0.05),B表示差异极显著(P <0.01)。下同
Note: Compared with group of negative control,“a”of right shoulder mean significant difference (P <0.05),“A” mean the extremely significant difference (P <0.01);Compared with group of positive control,“b”of right shoulder mean significant difference (P <0.05),“B” mean the extremely significant difference (P <0.01).Tha same as below.
2.3 猪血清IL-6测定结果
由表3可知,第0 d,除中剂量组外,其余各组仔猪血清中IL-6含量显著低于阴性对照组(P <0.05)。第7 d,各喂药组仔猪血清中IL-6含量均极显著高于阳性对照组(P <0.01),且与阴性对照组血清中IL-6含量无显著差异。第14 d,高剂量组、中高剂量组和药物对照组仔猪血清IL-6水平均极显著高于阳性对照组(P <0.01)和阴性对照组(P <0.01)。表明,饲料中连续7 d添加不同含量海藻多糖可溶性粉后,能不同程度促进猪血清中IL-6的产生,其中高剂量组、中剂量组和黄芪多糖组效果最明显。
表3 试验猪血清IL-6的测定结果(Mean±SD ,n=10,单位:pg/ml)
Table 3 The result of IL-6 in serum of piglet(Mean±SD,n=10,Unit:pg/ml)
分组 Groups |
第0 d The zero day |
第7d The 7th day |
第14d The 14th day |
高剂量组 Group of high dose |
83.19±11.59a |
107.42±13.62B |
155.65±57.90AB |
中剂量组 Group of medium dose |
85.29±8.23 |
101.53±9.48B |
131.59±58.86AB |
低剂量组 Group of low dose |
80.87±14.02 a |
99.45±15.58B |
123.61±35.49 |
黄芪多糖组 Group of APP |
81.89±9.83 a |
91.77±16.39B |
158.57±42.17AB |
阳性对照组 Group of Positive control |
76.86±14.98 a |
77.29±18.53A |
122.71±40.73 |
阴性对照组 Group of negative control |
94.37±8.95 b |
105.15±15.24B |
125.48±47.82 |
2.4 猪血清IFN-γ含量测定结果
表4结果显示,用第0 d,各PCV2感染组仔猪血清中IFN-γ水平均极显著低于阴性对照组(P <0.01)。第7d,高剂量组血清中IFN-γ水平极显著高于阳性对照组(P <0.01),显著高于阴性对照组(P <0.05);黄芪多糖组显著高于阳性对照组(P <0.05)。第14 d,高剂量组仔猪血清中IFN-γ水平极显著分别高于阳性对照组和阴性对照组(P <0.01),并显著高于阴性对照组(P <0.05)。表明,饲料中连续7 d添加不同含量海藻多糖可溶性粉后,能不同程度促进猪血清中IFN-γ的产生,高剂量组效果最好。
表4 试验猪血清IFN-γ的测定结果(Mean±SD ,n=10,单位:pg/ml)
Table 4 The result of IFN-γ in serum of piglet(Mean±SD,n=10,Unit:pg/ml)
分组 Groups |
第0 d The zero day |
第7d The 7th day |
第14d The 14th day |
||||
高剂量组 Group of high dose |
25.76±10.56A |
69.16±39.98aB |
82.47±52.65AB |
||||
中剂量组 Group of medium dose |
18.82±9.59 A |
45.28±15.81 |
33.98±9.94 |
||||
低剂量组 Group of low dose |
14.90±2.93 A |
38.90±16.78 |
36.85±21.12 |